Pathway candidateNCBI-verifiedprotein-coding

PAPSS1

3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1

NCBI Gene: 9061 Ensembl GeneCards UniProt: O43252

Pathway candidate — not linked to PFS or PSSD by any record here

PAPSS1 is in the library because it belongs to the conjugation & clearance family. No study, report or commentary in the corpus names it, so a variant in PAPSS1 is not, by itself, evidence of anything related to post-drug syndromes.

Gene summary

A protein-coding gene on chromosome 4 (steroid conjugation and clearance). Three-prime-phosphoadenosine 5-prime-phosphosulfate (PAPS) is the sulfate donor cosubstrate for all sulfotransferase (SULT) enzymes (Xu et al., 2000 ). SULTs catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs and other xenobiotics.

Source: NCBI Gene, accessed 2026-10-07.

Protein reference (UniProt)

Protein: Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1
Function: Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS: activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferase). In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate; APS appears to be only an intermediate in the sulfate-activation pathway. Required for normal biosynthesis of sulfated L-selectin ligands in endothelial cells.
Pathway: Sulfur metabolism; sulfate assimilation.
Tissue specificity: Expressed in testis, pancreas, kidney, thymus, prostate, ovary, small intestine, colon, leukocytes and liver. Also expressed in high endothelial venules (HEV) cells and in cartilage.

Source: UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O43252, release 2026_03, licensed CC BY 4.0. This is the protein’s normal biology, not evidence about post-drug syndromes; associated conditions are inherited disorders of the gene, not PFS, PSSD or PRSD.

Why its pathway is in the library

Steroid clearance is the exit route for androgens and their metabolites — the pathway at the center of Powers' PFS model (defective glucuronidation/sulfation trapping androgens intracellularly). Gut bacterial enzymes can undo this clearance, linking it to the microbiome thread.

Written for the whole conjugation & clearance family, not for PAPSS1 specifically.

Mentioned in 0 corpus records

No corpus record names PAPSS1 directly yet. It is in the library because it sits in a pathway the corpus tracks (Conjugation & clearance).

Also in steroid conjugation and clearance

All 31 genes

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Gene summary

Source: NCBI Gene, accessed 2026-10-07.

Protein reference (UniProt)

Protein: Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 1
Function: Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS: activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferase). In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate; APS appears to be only an intermediate in the sulfate-activation pathway. Required for normal biosynthesis of sulfated L-selectin ligands in endothelial cells.
Pathway: Sulfur metabolism; sulfate assimilation.
Tissue specificity: Expressed in testis, pancreas, kidney, thymus, prostate, ovary, small intestine, colon, leukocytes and liver. Also expressed in high endothelial venules (HEV) cells and in cartilage.

Why its pathway is in the library

Written for the whole conjugation & clearance family, not for PAPSS1 specifically.