Pathway candidateNCBI-verifiedprotein-coding

PAPSS2

3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2

NCBI Gene: 9060 Ensembl GeneCards UniProt: O95340

Pathway candidate — not linked to PFS or PSSD by any record here

PAPSS2 is in the library because it belongs to the conjugation & clearance family. No study, report or commentary in the corpus names it, so a variant in PAPSS2 is not, by itself, evidence of anything related to post-drug syndromes.

Gene summary

A protein-coding gene on chromosome 10 (steroid conjugation and clearance). Sulfation is a common modification of endogenous (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates) and exogenous (xenobiotics and drugs) compounds. In mammals, the sulfate source is 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS), created from ATP and inorganic sulfate.

Source: NCBI Gene, accessed 2026-10-07.

Protein reference (UniProt)

Protein: Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2
Function: Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate/PAPS, the activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferases. In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate while APS appears to only be an intermediate in the sulfate-activation pathway. Plays indirectly an important role in skeletogenesis during postnatal growth.
Pathway: Sulfur metabolism; sulfate assimilation.
Tissue specificity: Expressed in cartilage and adrenal gland.
Associated conditions: Brachyolmia type 4 with mild epiphyseal and metaphyseal changes (BCYM4).

Source: UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot O95340, release 2026_03, licensed CC BY 4.0. This is the protein’s normal biology, not evidence about post-drug syndromes; associated conditions are inherited disorders of the gene, not PFS, PSSD or PRSD.

Why its pathway is in the library

Steroid clearance is the exit route for androgens and their metabolites — the pathway at the center of Powers' PFS model (defective glucuronidation/sulfation trapping androgens intracellularly). Gut bacterial enzymes can undo this clearance, linking it to the microbiome thread.

Written for the whole conjugation & clearance family, not for PAPSS2 specifically.

Mentioned in 0 corpus records

No corpus record names PAPSS2 directly yet. It is in the library because it sits in a pathway the corpus tracks (Conjugation & clearance).

Also in steroid conjugation and clearance

All 31 genes

Browse by family on the gene families page.

Gene summary

Source: NCBI Gene, accessed 2026-10-07.

Protein reference (UniProt)

Protein: Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2
Function: Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate/PAPS, the activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferases. In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate while APS appears to only be an intermediate in the sulfate-activation pathway. Plays indirectly an important role in skeletogenesis during postnatal growth.
Pathway: Sulfur metabolism; sulfate assimilation.
Tissue specificity: Expressed in cartilage and adrenal gland.
Associated conditions: Brachyolmia type 4 with mild epiphyseal and metaphyseal changes (BCYM4).

Why its pathway is in the library

Written for the whole conjugation & clearance family, not for PAPSS2 specifically.