ESR1
estrogen receptor 1
Gene summary
A protein-coding gene on chromosome 6 (steroid and nuclear hormone receptors). Encodes an estrogen receptor and ligand-activated transcription factor. The canonical protein contains an N-terminal ligand-independent transactivation domain, a central DNA binding domain, a hinge domain, and a C-terminal ligand-dependent transactivation domain.
Source: NCBI Gene, accessed 2026-10-07.
Protein reference (UniProt)
- Protein
Estrogen receptor
- Function (excerpt)
Nuclear hormone receptor. The steroid hormones and their receptors are involved in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Ligand-dependent nuclear transactivation involves either direct homodimer binding to a palindromic estrogen response element (ERE) sequence or association with other DNA-binding transcription factors, such as AP-1/c-Jun, c-Fos, ATF-2, Sp1 and Sp3, to mediate ERE-independent signaling. Ligand binding induces a conformational change allowing subsequent or combinatorial association with multiprotein coactivator complexes through LXXLL motifs of their respective components. Mutual transrepression occurs between the estrogen receptor (ER) and NF-kappa-B in a cell-type specific manner. Decreases NF-kappa-B DNA-binding activity and inhibits NF-kappa-B-mediated transcription from the IL6 promoter and displace RELA/p65 and associated coregulators from the promoter.
- Subcellular location
Nucleus; Cytoplasm; Cell membrane; Golgi apparatus.
- Tissue specificity
Widely expressed. Not expressed in the pituitary gland.
- Associated conditions
Estrogen resistance (ESTRR).
Source: UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot P03372, release 2026_03, licensed CC BY 4.0. This is the protein’s normal biology, not evidence about post-drug syndromes; associated conditions are inherited disorders of the gene, not PFS, PSSD or PRSD.
Why its pathway is in the library
Nuclear receptors transduce steroid signals into lasting gene-expression programs; persistent receptor-level remodeling (or silencing) is a leading hypothesis for symptoms that outlast drug exposure.
Written for the whole nuclear receptors family, not for ESR1 specifically.
Mentioned in 1 corpus record
- Conference abstract
Epigenetic Modulation of ESR1 and DNMT3A Following Finasteride Exposure: Implications for Female Reproductive Function
Churchill Jonadab Ihentuge · Physiology (Physiology Summit meeting abstract)
Conference abstract reporting epigenetic modulation of ESR1 (estrogen receptor alpha) and DNMT3A (DNA methyltransferase 3A — part of the epigenetic machinery itself) following finasteride exposure, framed around female reproductive function. Finasteride…
DNMT3AESR1EPI-0102026PFSEpigenetics supplement · Oct 2026
Also in steroid and nuclear hormone receptors
All 41 genes- ARPowers
androgen receptor
chr X· Nuclear receptors· 41 records - ESR2
estrogen receptor 2
chr 14· Nuclear receptors· Pathway candidate - FOXA1
forkhead box A1
chr 14· Nuclear receptors· Pathway candidate - HNF4A
hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha
chr 20· Nuclear receptors· Pathway candidate - HNF4G
hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 gamma
chr 8· Nuclear receptors· Pathway candidate - NCOA1
nuclear receptor coactivator 1
chr 2· Nuclear receptors· Pathway candidate - NCOA2
nuclear receptor coactivator 2
chr 8· Nuclear receptors· Pathway candidate - NCOA3
nuclear receptor coactivator 3
chr 20· Nuclear receptors· Pathway candidate
Browse by family on the gene families page.